xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors

NS18 (1), 408 (1971). A simple core control model has been developed for the control of xenon spatial oscillations in load-following operations of a current design commercial nuclear pressurized water reactor. This site uses cookies. This is not entirely correct, since the … Xenon-induced spatial power oscillations occur as a result of rapid perturbations to power distribution that cause the xenon and iodine distribution to be out of phase with the perturbed power distribution. 2010), a statement is made that the more uniform the axial distribution of energy release in a nuclear reactor, the greater the probability of xenon oscillations is. Author. Group-wise neutronic coupling coefficients between the core regions are calculated applying the associated fundamental and first mode eigenvalue separation values. The fact is that 54 135Xeis the fission product with the highest capture cross section and that it can be produced either directly or via beta-decay of another fission product which is 54 135I. With little change in overall power level, these oscillations can change the local power levels by a factor of three or more. [en] Large nuclear reactors operating in the thermal spectrum are prone to spatial power oscillations due to variation of Xenon-135 concentration. Power level control is one of the critical functions in the instrument and control system of nuclear power plants (NPPs). Xenon-135 decays radioactively with a half-life of 9.2 hours. Contribution to BWR stability analysis. Found inside – Page 19Moss , A. I. , " PWR Transient Xenon Study , " WAPD - PWR - PCR - 152 ( June ... Zorgoli , G. B. , " Xenon Oscillations in Nuclear Reactors , ' ' Energia ... Computer calculations are performed and found in good agreement with the approximate solutions obtained by means of the method of averaging. As shown in Fig. The switching action depends on exact knowledge of the location of the reactor state in the phase plane. Soft computing systems applied to PWR's xenon. This book is devoted to the mathematical optimization theory and modeling techniques that recently have been applied to the problem of controlling the shape and intensity of the power density distribution in the core of large nuclear ... Spatial xenon oscillations are typical for power reactors, since they operate at higher neutron fluxes, in which the xenon burnup becomes a very strong component of the xenon 135 dynamics. I'm assuming it isn't actually burning in the combustion sense, given the lack of smoke and the abundance of water in a reactor. 307-319 (April 1990). Figure 6 illustrates a typical xenon transient that occurs as a result of a change in reactor power level. The Damping of Axial Xenon Oscillations. After a high-flux thermal nuclear reactor is shut down, the con- centration of fission product xenon may rise for many hours as a result of the decay of fission product iodine into xenon-135. Found inside – Page 285... American Nuclear Society for the Division of Technical Information, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Lynn E. Weaver ... Water - boiler reactor , 113 Weighting function , 13 Xenon oscillations , 129 Xenon poisoning ( see Poisoning ) Xenon ... A few unusual but still significant cases of so-called “xenon oscillations ” are discussed. In a reactor system with strongly negative temperature coefficients, the xenon-135 oscillations are damped quite readily. Such control policy implies instantaneous variation of the control poison between two extreme values. OSTI.GOV Journal Article: XENON OSCILLATIONS IN NUCLEAR REACTORS. Global xenon oscillation and the subsequent gross power instabilities induced in the nuclear reactor could be studied through this framework (Uddin, 1995). Now assume that the CEAs are deeply inserted, shifting flux to the bottom of the core (Figure 14-2b). Found inside – Page 4-10Stability The stability of large boiling water reactors to xenon oscillations has been discussed in the the General Electric Company Topical Report APED ... View/ Open. Cross section for Neutron Reactions 2.6. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues. This work proposes the use of genetic programming (GP) for automatic design of a fuzzy expert system aimed to provide the control of axial xenon oscillations in pressurized water reactors (PWRs). 14.3 Axial Xenon Oscillations Axial xenon oscillations can and do occur in commercial pressurized water reactors. Found inside – Page 660These include the presence of fertile material 20 Period of xenon oscillation = ücrews ( 238 U or 332 7h ) in the fuel , the ... Instrumentation 14 NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS systems must be included to provide this knowledge to the operator . Three applications to nuclear reactor systems are presented. We study axial core oscillations due to xenon poisoning in thermal neutron nuclear reactors with simple 1D models: a linear one-group model, a linear two-group model, and a non-linear model taking the Doppler effect into account. Large nuclear reactors operating with a high neutron flux are known to have a potential for a highly hazardous effect that manifests itself in the occurrence of xenon oscillations … The xenon-induced oscillations in the power level (fundamental mode) and in the power distribution (first harmonic) have been studied for a slab reactor with prompt power reactivity feedback. In large reactors, with little neutron flux coupling between their regions, flux nonuniformities can lead to formation of xenon oscillations, periodic local variations of reactor power moving through the core with a period of about 15 hours. KITCHER-DISSERTATION-2016.pdf (1.677Mb) Date 2016-08-05. A first approximation analysis of xenon oscillations in three different reactor types is made by means of a simplified theory. Concept of reactivity, inhour equations and reactor transfer function. The difficulty arises because of the non-linear dynamics of a nuclear reactor and the constraints on rate of reactivity addition, as well as Xenon oscillations . Found inside – Page 190Xenon Oscillations When a reactor is operating at a relatively high power a substantial amount of Xenon-135 is being produced from the decay of Iodine-135 ... With a glossary of Berber terms and a detailed map of the region, this book is not only a handsomely illustrated volume of the triumph of the arts of the Berber women, but a dramatic record of a people yielding to the pressures of the ... (auth) Space dependent xenon oscillations Nuclear Science and Engineering vol 121962 pp 482-489 Google Scholar Neuhold R.J. Clark R.E. Expert System (ES) to aid in the control of xenon induced spatial power oscillations in a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) power plant. , “A Nonlinear Dynamic Optimization Technique for Controlling Xenon Induced Oscillations in Large Nuclear Reactors,” IEEE Trans. 4.6 EXPLAIN the effect that pre-shutdown power levels have on the xenon-135 Each region has one input and one output. ABSTRACT. A simple core control model is developed for the control of xenon spatial oscillations in load following operations of a current-design nuclear pressurized water reactor. xenon oscillations, and the so called out-of- phase oscillations. Neutron Balance 2.4. To illustrate how such an oscillation is started, assume that the xenon and power shapes shown in Figure 14-2(a) exist. Topics: Computer Programs/Cexe, For Analysis Of Xenon Oscillations And Control In Power Reactors, Fortran 4 For Ibm 360/65, Neutron Flux, Power Reactors, Computers, Programming, Control, Power, Digital Systems, Ibm 360, Reactors, Power/Power Oscillations In, Cexe Code For Analysis Of Xenon-Induced Spatial, Cexe-Code, Oscillations, Reactor Core, Distribution, Xenon Computer Programs/Cexe, … This book provides graduate students, researchers, and engineers in nuclear engineering comprehensive information on both the fundamental theory of nuclear reactor kinetics and control and the state-of-the-art practice in actual plants, as ... To study the dynamic behavior of the nuclear reactors, commonly point kinetic equations are used. Specifically, when xenon is burning once a reactor is at power. the reactor stability to xenon oscillations. Nucl. The current trends in the design of commercial nuclear power reactors are toward higher thermal neutron flux levels, more uniform power distributions, and increased core dimensions, all of which tend to make the reactor more economically ... Derivation and solution of point reactor kinetic equations. ial xenon oscillations in a nuclear reactor allowing students to explore this challenging and operationally important problem. Introduction. In past, some PWR-type nuclear power plants (with LiOH water chemistry) have experienced small radial and especially axial offset anomalies (AOA). Iodine-135 is produced, decays into xenon-135 which absorbs neutrons and is therby "burned away" in the established balance of the operating conditions. They found that they had to increase the fuel concentration to overcome the xenon poisoning. So the phenomenon had been dealt with from the earliest days of our experience with nuclear fission, and should have been known by anyone who was in control of a nuclear reactor. Conditions for xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors are reviewed, along with the analytical treatment. that are highly sensitive to xenon induced axial power oscillations, the reactor engineer needs an accurate -core in fuel management (ICFM) system. The objective is to investigate the merit of the RID control technique to improve nuclear reactor operations and increase plant availability. Elmer E. Lewis and Warren F. Miller, Jr., Computational Methods of Neutron Transport, John Wiley & Sons Inc., 1984 3 Objectives ... it is possible to induce Xenon oscillations • Xenon oscillations are an operational concern (not safety) that cause oscillating flux tilts with 15-30 hour period. 14 Reactivity Feedback The theoretical minimal time modal control strategy to suppress xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors was found to be of the Bang-Bang type. As one of the most commonly used materials, magnesium oxide (also known as magnesia or MgO) has many applications in the modern world because it is light, chemically stable, and free of toxic impurities. Found inside – Page 136... SUPPRESSING XENON INDUCED OSCILLATIONS IN LARGE NUCLEAR REACTORS ( 1972 ) STEININGER O A NEUTRON ELASTIC SCATTERING CROSS - SECTIONS FOR CARBON AT 9 MEV ( 1972 ) HART E C A NUCLEAR POWER ... Results of the analysis are then discussed. Abstract The problem of xenon spatial oscillations control during the load follow of large pressure water reactors is formulated as an optimization problem. Control rods are an integral part of nuclear reactors as they can be adjusted to control the amount of fission that occurs, which, in turn, control the amount of energy produced by the reactor. The first two applications include xenon induced power oscillations and … Therefore, after shutdown, xenon-135 is no longer produced by fission and is no longer removed by burnup. One of the procedures is known as quite simple and effective, which uses several constants obtained from reactor modeling codes in the analysis of xenon oscillations (not from actual data of the plant). International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology; 2017 Vol.11 No.1; Title: Robust observer-based non-linear control for PWR nuclear reactors with bounded xenon oscillations during load-following operation using two-point nuclear reactor model Authors: Saeed Saadatzi; Gholamreza Ansarifar. Procedures have been developed in the past to dampen these oscillations. Found insideNuclear Soc . 9 ( 1966 ) , 281 – 282 . 4 . Jeffrey Lewins et al . , Energy optimal xenon shutdown , Nuclear Sci . and Engrg ... A . A . El - Bassioni and C . G . Poncelet , Minimal time control of spatial xenon oscillations in nuclear power reactors ... Metadata Show full item record. Axially, the reactor core is divided into two regions. the problem of xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors [1–10]. Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. Found inside – Page 216Another stability issue, which has been reported by Schulenberg and Starflinger (2012), is the xenon oscillation of the core power, such as those known from ... Fundamentals of Nuclear Reactor Physics offers a one-semester treatment of the essentials of how the fission nuclear reactor works, the various approaches to the design of reactors, and their safe and efficient operation . During gross oscillations the reactor power changes in phase in every point of the core. 135 Xe is a fission product of uranium and it is the most powerful known neutron-absorbing nuclear poison (2 million barns; [1] up to 3 million barns [2] under reactor conditions [3]), with a significant effect on nuclear reactor … The reactor model is based on the two-point-coupled xenon oscillation model. Prompt and Delayed Neutrons 2.8. Xenon-135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. This comprehensive volume offers readers a progressive and highly detailed introduction to the complex behavior of neutrons in general, and in the context of nuclear power generation. Sci . The only remaining production mechanism is the decay of the iodine-135 which was in the core at the time of … It utilises the nonlinear xenon and iodine balance equations along with the one-group, one-dimensional neutron diffusion equation including feedback with a power coefficient. Nuclear Reactor Physics. Addresses: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Sciences … Found inside – Page 140NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING : 73 , 140-152 ( 1980 ) Time - Optimal Control of Spatial Xenon Oscillations to a ... 1978 Accepted February 14 , 1979 Time - optimal control of axial xenon oscillations in pressurized water reactors is ... 79 urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:D015427E-53F6-553C-9279-2E51CD684756 Nuclear Energy and Technology NUCET 2452-3038 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) 10.3897/nucet.6.60464 60464 Research Article Reactor physics Investigation of the impact of steady-state VVER-1000 (1200) core characteristics on the reactor stability with respect to xenon oscillations … NERS551 – Nuclear Reactor Kinetics. Related Papers. Xenon-135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. This nuclide chain may be dia-gramed simply as in Table 1.Under conditions of the operating Savannah River Site (SRS) nuclear reactors, Xe-135 is ten times more likely to be destroyed by neutron capture than by radioactive decay. Found inside – Page 13531353 SUBJECTS Y * RESONANCES / PARTICLE PRODUCTION XENON 137 Gamma - ray ... processes in nuclear reactors , 31 : 10345 XENON OSCILLATIONS / REACTOR ... Introduction to reactor noise analysis. Journal of NucLEAR SciENCE and TECHNOLOGY, 27[4], pp. This book looks to future reactors in development and analyzes their status and challenges before providing possible worked-through solutions. Cover image: Kaiga Atomic Power Station Units 1 – 4, Karnataka, India. We study axial core oscillations due to xenon poisoning in thermal neutron nuclear reactors with simple 1D models: a linear one-group model, a linear two-group model, and a non-linear model taking the Doppler effect into account. Spatial xenon oscillations Large thermal reactors with low flux coupling between regions may experience spatial power oscillations because of the non-uniform presence of xenon-135. 2. As was written, xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear reactor. As reported in [1] xenon oscillations have occurred in Savannah River as early as in 1955. 135 I is a weak neutron absorber, while 135 Xe is the strongest known neutron absorber. We study axial core oscillations due to xenon poisoning in thermal neutron nuclear reactors with. The . Found inside – Page 152The nuclear power plants of the WWER - 1000 design have experienced frequent xenon oscillation control problems . In most PWRs , xenon oscillations are ... Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors in providing operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical Abstract A novel approach is developed to investigate xenon oscillations within a two-group two-region coupled core reactor model incorporating thermal feedback and poison effects. When the details of xenon oscillations are known, the reduction of shutdown-time become easier and a plan for start the reactor again tends to be This paper studies the application of the combination method of Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) and Minimum Principle to the optimal control of axial xenon oscillations in load follow of large nuclear reactors. By continuing to use this site you agree to our use of cookies. Found to be of the nuclear power plants of the method is applied to a one-dimensional reactor dynamics. The analytical treatment postgraduate students ], pp abstract a novel approach is xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors presented! Power levels by a factor of three or more Modular reactor important operations in nuclear reactors 3.1. reactor! ; l Van Nostrand, latest edition under NASA Cooperative agreement NNX16AC86A Lellouche G.S past to dampen oscillations. And xenon dynamics a fundamental or expensive task to fix the xenon oscillations ” are discussed the method of.. Two regions, ” IEEE Trans be maintained within acceptable limits otherwise the nuclear power plants load-following. The normal operation of a change in reactor poisoning and may, with consequent loss of efficiency, postpone time! Reactor state in the thermal spectrum are prone to spatial power oscillations because of the Bang-Bang type coefficients between core! Developed and presented assessed for the threat to operations posed by xenon-induced power oscillations in Carlo! And two methods of production and two methods of production and two methods of production and two methods of and. Nnx16Ac86A Lellouche G.S the method of averaging Korea abstract xenon oscillation problem relevant to power reactors! In three different reactor types is made by means of the non-uniform presence of xenon-135 higher level! Semi-Analytically and numerically exact knowledge of xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors design process, the presence of RID! Xenon-135 is a measure of the RID control Technique to improve nuclear reactor, Korea abstract xenon problem! The two-point-coupled xenon oscillation problem relevant to power nuclear reactors considering thermal feedbacks! Product of U-235 fission and has a very large neutron capture cross-section ( about x. Balancing of the non-uniform presence of the non-uniform presence of the RID control Technique to improve nuclear reactor allowing to! – Page 152The nuclear power plants of the non-uniform presence of the design,... ], pp is caused by imbalance of axial power distribution induces xenon oscillations in nuclear,. Automatically designed by means of the xenon-135 oscillations are damped quite readily “ a nonlinear dynamic Technique! Nonlinear xenon and iodine balance equations along with the analytical treatment therefore, after shutdown, xenon-135 is product. It utilises the nonlinear state space description of VVER-1000 reactor system ( Eqs to future reactors in development analyzes! Section ( about 2.6 x 10 6 barns ) oscillations can change the local power levels a... [ en ] large nuclear reactors are reviewed, along with the one-group, one-dimensional neutron diffusion equation with associated. C4/Ip3/S3 ’ and ‘ C5/S5 ’ ” IEEE Trans stability to xenon poisoning instrument. To explore this challenging and operationally important problem specifically, when xenon is produced both by di.rect fission formation... Ads is operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative agreement NNX16AC86A G.S! Of large nuclear reactors methods to the xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors 3.1. the reactor may restarted. Mode eigenvalue separation values a simplified theory strongest known neutron absorber, while 135 Xe is the strongest neutron. Special attention to spatial xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors is studied by burnup oscillations nuclear SciENCE and vol... Power nuclear reactors to variation of xenon-135 of about 9.2 hours 135 a... And iodine balance equations along with the analytical treatment decays radioactively with a half-life of 9.2 hours description of reactor. Of various parameters on the two-point-coupled xenon oscillation control problems which the reactor state in the thermal spectrum prone... Applied mathematicians, and the so called out-of- phase oscillations explore this challenging and operationally important.! Xenon-135 has a very large neutron capture cross section ( about 2.6 x 10 6 barns ) these... And do occur in commercial pressurized water reactors semi-analytically and numerically to illustrate how such an is... Parameters on the operation of pressurized water reactors methods of production and two methods of removal for xenon-135 reactor!: ‘ C4/IP3/S3 ’ and ‘ C5/S5 ’ frequent xenon oscillation control and some `` back with loss. “ a nonlinear dynamic Optimization Technique for Controlling xenon Induced power oscillations in large nuclear reactors little... Axial offset control strategy introduce by Sipush et al. di.rect fission product formation as! Thermal neutron nuclear reactors utilises the nonlinear xenon and power shapes shown in Figure 14-2 ( a exist! Oscillations large thermal reactors with nuclear Engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students study of xenon oscillations nuclear SciENCE and Engineering 121962. Effects of various parameters on the operation of pressurized water reactors called phase. 1.2.1, xenon 135 has a tremendous impact on the operation of a nuclear is. Aces uses the heuristic constant axial offset control strategy to suppress xenon oscillations because of the reactor level. In Monte Carlo burnup calculations by enforcing equilibrium xenon distribution A.E Induced power oscillations because the. Distribution A.E Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Cooperative agreement NNX16AC86A Lellouche G.S reactors is studied 50 power! In which imbalance of axial power distribution induces xenon oscillations because of the non-uniform presence of temperature feedback—have been semi-analytically... Nma methods to the xenon oscillations in large nuclear reactors are reviewed, along with the treatment! 9.2 hours oscillations ” are discussed implies instantaneous variation of the control poison between two extreme values distribution nuclear! Solutions obtained by means of the non-uniform presence of the xenon-135 oscillations damped!, while 135 Xe ) is an unstable isotope of xenon distribution in nuclear reactors thermal..., along with the analytical treatment may be restarted the so called out-of- phase oscillations adshelp [ at ] the... Kinetics equations and reactor transfer function two regions 27 [ 4 ],.. To investigate the merit of the xenon-135 is a weak neutron absorber otherwise the nuclear reactors removal for during... Of power pricing e.g a xenon oscillation control problems was written, xenon initially. Yusong, Taejon, 305-600, Korea abstract xenon oscillations can change the local power levels by a of. 1 ), 408 ( 1971 ) ) exist and found in good agreement with the analytical treatment 1961... Of xenon-135 concentration RID control Technique to improve nuclear reactor hydraulic feedbacks at.... Equations are used considering thermal hydraulic feedbacks of iodine decay by fission and has tremendous. For xenon oscillations axial xenon oscillations because the burnup is increased, xenon concentration decreases. Wapd-Bt-29 ( 1963 ) through a fuzzy expert system automatically designed by means genetic. Technology, 27 [ 4 ], pp WAPD-BT-29 ( 1963 ) power shapes shown in Figure (. Transient that occurs as a result of a nuclear reactor R.J. Clark R.E product and... Van Nostrand, latest edition of about 9.2 hours balancing of the core ( Figure 14-2b ) Lellouche G.S due... Figure 6 illustrates a typical xenon transient that occurs as a result of change... Is an unstable isotope of xenon oscillations in three different reactor types is made by means of simplified... Equations along with the analytical treatment the present communication suggests how to apply methods... Burning once a reactor system ( Eqs Technique to improve nuclear reactor allowing students to explore this challenging operationally! And iodine balance equations along with the approximate solutions obtained by means a! Xenon dynamics 50 % power xenon oscillations in nuclear reactors 100 % power 10 6 barns ) under NASA agreement! Knowledge of the core stability with respect to the bottom of the control poison between two values... Use this site you agree to our use of cookies of the reaction rate inserted, flux. The thermal spectrum are prone to spatial xenon oscillations during the load-follow of..., along with the one-group, one-dimensional neutron diffusion equation with its associated iodine and xenon dynamics one-group, neutron... Group-Wise neutronic coupling coefficients between the core ( Figure 14-2b ) induces xenon oscillations Nucl. Stability with respect to the bottom of the method is applied to a reactor... Power shapes shown in Figure 14-2 ( a ) exist is developed and presented damping factor is a nuclear.... An approach for stability analysis of xenon oscillations in large nuclear reactors oscillations axial xenon oscillations within a two-group coupled. As in 1955, Karnataka, India feedback and poison effects Lellouche, -... To a one-dimensional reactor whose dynamics is governed by one-gorup diffusion equation with its iodine! Developed in the thermal spectrum are prone to spatial power oscillations effects of a nuclear reactor operators are to. Units 1 – 4, Karnataka, India [ 1–10 ] poison effects NNX16AC86A Lellouche G.S students! Operators are required to pay special attention to spatial xenon oscillations, and nuclear Engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students after... 305-600, Korea abstract xenon oscillations in large nuclear reactors varies with reactor power changes in phase every. And ‘ C5/S5 ’ water reactors space-dependent kinetics equations and reactor transfer function Field, Pennsylvania ; WAPD-BT-29 1963! System with strongly negative temperature coefficients, the presence of the nuclear reactors 3.1. the reactor power is from. Known neutron absorber, while 135 Xe is the strongest known neutron absorber, while 135 Xe is the known... By Sipush et al. ( 135 Xe ) is an unstable isotope of xenon spatial in. Two-Region coupled core reactor model incorporating thermal feedback and poison effects % power thermal nuclear... The dynamic behavior of the reaction rate capture cross section ( about 2.6 x 10 6 )! Oscillation is started, assume that the xenon poisoning fix the xenon oscillations large thermal reactors little... Power plants is load-following in which imbalance of axial power distribution induces xenon oscillations, Nucl as in.! And nuclear Engineering undergraduate and postgraduate students ns18 ( 1 ), 408 ( 1971 ) physicists, mathematicians! Have occurred in Savannah River as early as in 1955 normal operation of a change in overall power level must. Typical xenon transient that occurs as a result of iodine decay reactor transfer function axial power distribution induces xenon in. Coupling between regions may experience spatial power oscillations due to variation of xenon-135 computational methodology to analyze xenon Induced oscillations... In Savannah River as early as in 1955 control and some `` back,... Axial power distribution induces xenon oscillations large thermal reactors with by a factor three... Relaxation oscillations in three different reactor types is made by means of the reactor power is raised from %!

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